Renewables power this year 0.11 percent of the world's mobile base stations. By 2014 this percentage will be 4.5 percent. In developing countries, it will be even higher or 8 percent, forecasts a new report from Pike Research.

As an ever increasing number of people around the world become connected by mobile communications networks, the challenges to providing electricity to these expanding networks are becoming greater as well.

In particular, developing countries are seeing unprecedented growth in wireless subscribers, however many of the base stations in these areas are in remote locales that have limited or no access to grid power.

Renewable energy from solar panels and small wind turbines offers a viable alternative to diesel generators in these remote off-grid sites.

"As solar and wind equipment become more cost-effective in the next few years, renewable energy will be an increasingly attractive option for base station power, in combination with batteries and fuel cells," says managing director Clint Wheelock, Pike research.

"The economics of renewable energy are already favorable in remote off-grid areas where the fully-loaded cost of delivering diesel to generators is high," Wheelock adds.

Pike Research's analysis also shows that mobile network infrastructure equipment is rapidly becoming more energy-efficient, owing to a series of initiatives by equipment vendors and network operators.

The firm believes that lower base station power requirements will make it even easier to integrate renewable energy into mobile networks. In the process, the global wireless industry will have a significant opportunity to reduce carbon emissions associated with network operations.

Pike Research's report Green Telecom Networks, analyzes the business opportunities, technology requirements, and environmental impacts of green telecom initiatives on a worldwide basis.